Crystallization is a well-explored natural phenomenon where atoms or molecules arrange themselves into highly organized solid forms called crystals. This phenomenon has been widely utilized across ...

Chemical equilibria in reactive systems underpin many natural and industrial processes, where the interplay between chemical reactions and phase separations yields complex behaviours. In these systems ...

Phase equilibria in ternary and quaternary systems represent a cornerstone in the understanding of multi-component mixtures, where rigorous mapping of phase boundaries is essential for both ...