Microsoft Excel relies on two fundamental reference types when addressing other cells. Absolute references -- which are denoted with a "$" -- lock a reference, so it will not change when copying the ...

An address or pointer that changes when the target item is moved or the relationship to it has changed. For example, in a spreadsheet, a cell with a relative reference changes its formula when copied ...

Don't panic—your Excel isn't broken. If your column letters suddenly turn into numbers, you've stumbled into R1C1 mode. While it looks like a glitch, it's actually a high-level tool that lets you ...