Climate scientists are confronting a hard truth: some of the most widely used models are struggling to keep up with the pace and texture of real‑world warming. The physics at their core remains sound, ...

Earth system models (ESMs) integrate the interactions of atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and biosphere to estimate the state of regional and global climate under a wide variety of conditions. A model ...

Researchers have long been puzzled by the observed cooling of the eastern tropical Pacific and the Southern Ocean accompanying global warming. Existing climate models have failed to capture this ...

Conversational AI chatbots are making climate misinformation sound more credible, making it harder to distinguish falsehoods from real science. In response, climate experts are using some of the same ...

Changes in rainfall within global monsoon regions affect the livelihoods of billions. For years, climate models have ...

Have you ever stopped to wonder how forecasters can predict the weather days in advance, or how scientists figure out how the climate might evolve under different policies? The Earth system is a vast ...