Probability underlies much of the modern world – an engineering professor explains how it actually works

Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the ...
IEEE

True Random Number Generation Using Dark Noise Modulation of a Single-Photon Avalanche Diode

Abstract: This brief presents the application of perimeter-gated single-photon avalanche diodes (pg-SPADs) as true random number generators (TRNGs). Typical SPADs have been used as random number ...

Rand Fishkin proved AI recommendations are inconsistent – here’s why and how to fix it

AI outputs vary because confidence varies. Corroboration and entity optimization turn inconsistent AI visibility into consistent presence.
Scientific American

This mathematician proved a brilliant theorem to justify his social awkwardness

George Pólya’s random walk theorem absolved him of being a lurker and revealed how the laws of chance interact with physical ...